georesГеоресурсыGeoresources1608-50431608-5078Georesursy LLC10.18599/grs.2022.4.9geores-102Research ArticleГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯGEOCHEMICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL STUDIESПрименение компьютерной томографии и ЯМР для петротипизации сложнопостроенных терригенных коллекторовThe rock typing of complex clastic formation by means of computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonanceЧистяковА. А.TchistiakovA. A.

Алексей Андреевич Чистяков – профессор

121205, Москва, ул. Сикорского, д. 11

Alexei A. Tchistiakov – Professor, Center for Hydrocarbon Recovery

Sikorsky str., 11, Moscow, 121205

A.Tchistiakov@skoltech.ruШвалюкЕ. В.ShvalyukE. V.

Елизавета Викторовна Швалюк – аспирант

121205, Москва, ул. Сикорского, д. 11

Elizaveta V. Shvalyuk – Postgraduate Student, Center for Hydrocarbon Recovery

Sikorsky str., 11, Moscow, 121205

КалугинА. А.KaluginA. A.

Александр Александрович Калугин – начальник управления

109028, Москва, Покровский бул., д. 3, стр. 1

Alexandr A. Kalugin – Head of the Department

Pokrovsky boul., 3, build. 1, Moscow, 109028

Сколковский институт науки и технологийРоссияSkolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyRussian FederationООО «ЛУКОЙЛ-Инжиниринг»РоссияLUKOIL-Engineering JSCRussian Federation202213042024244102116Copyright © Чистяков А.А., Швалюк Е.В., Калугин А.А., 20242024Чистяков А.А., Швалюк Е.В., Калугин А.А.Tchistiakov A.A., Shvalyuk E.V., Kalugin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/102

В данной работе предлагается новый подход к петротипизации терригенных коллекторов, включающих низкоомные и слабопроницаемые породы, на примере отложений васюганской свиты верхнеюрского возраста ряда месторождений Западной Сибири. Разработанный подход основан на комплексной интерпретации результатов стандартных лабораторных исследований и микроструктурных характеристик, полученных методами компьютерной томографии (КТ) и ядерно-магнитного резонанса (ЯМР). Данный комплекс специальных лабораторных исследований для изучаемых отложений был проведен впервые.Разрез васюганской свиты представлен в основании алевролитами, которые постепенно сменяются песчаниками по направлению к кровле пласта. Алевролиты являются низкоомными и слабопроницаемыми породами. Изначально предполагалось, что только песчаники являются нефтесодержащими породами, а алевролиты – водонасыщенными. При этом для подсчёта запасов ко всему пласту применялось единое уравнение Арчи.Однако, несмотря на относительно низкую проницаемость и ожидаемую высокую водонасыщенность нижней части пласта, в ходе проведения испытаний скважин из него был получен значительный приток нефти. Для корректного выделения пропущенных продуктивных интервалов целевого пласта необходимо было разработать новый подход к его петротипизации, учитывающий полиминеральный состав, разнообразие микроструктуры, широкий диапазон значений пористости, проницаемости и остаточной водонасыщенности.Предложенная программа лабораторных экспериментов включает в себя измерения коэффициентов пористости и проницаемости, капилляриметрических и электрических свойств, а также исследования методами ЯМР и КТ. Весь комплекс лабораторных экспериментов проводился на одних и тех же образцах керна, что позволило установить достоверную корреляцию между измеряемыми параметрами.Интерпретация индикатора зоны фильтрации, рассчитанного как функция пористости и остаточной водонасыщенности, совместно с результатами петрофизических и микроструктурных исследований позволила провести надежную петротипизацию, которая послужит петрофизической основой для выделения пропущенных раннее продуктивных интервалов в низкоомных частях пласта.Разработанные программа лабораторных исследований и алгоритм проведения петротипизации изученных отложений могут быть рекомендованы к применению также на других месторождениях.

This study provides a new rock-typing approach for low-resistive and low-permeable clastic rocks. The approach includes integrated interpretation of routine core analysis data with microstructural characteristics, acquired from computed tomography (CT) and nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) data.The studied formation comprises siltstones in its bottom, which are replaced by sandstones in its top. Sandstones form the main part of the oil reservoir, whereas siltstones were originally considered as water-saturated. The reserves calculation was performed based on a single Archie equation for the whole formation.Despite on apparent water saturation and low permeability of the siltstones, incidental perforation showed considerable oil inflow from them as well. In order to delineate missed productive intervals within the low-resistive siltstones, we had to develop a new rock-typing approach, acknowledging rock multimineral composition, diversity of microstructures, a wide range of porosity, permeability, and residual water saturation values.Designed laboratory program included porosity, permeability, electrical resistivity measurements, capillary, NMR and CT tests. The experiments were performed on the same core samples that enabled reliable correlation between measured parameters.The joint interpretation of flow zone indicator, calculated as a function of porosity and residual water saturation, together with the results of petrophysical and microstructural measurements allowed reliable rock-typing of the clastic formation. It will serve as a petrophysical basis for identification of the missed productive intervals.The developed laboratory program and rock-typing algorithm can be implemented in other oilfields.

компьютерная томографияядерно-магнитный резонанспетротипизациятерригенные породынизкоомные коллектораслабопроницаемые коллектораCT-scanningNMRrock-typingclastic reservoirslow-resistive reservoirslow-permeable formationsРабота выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации по соглашению № 075-10-2022-011 в рамках программы развития НЦМУ «Рациональное освоение запасов жидких углеводородов планеты».This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under agreement No. 075-10-2022-011 within the framework of the development program for a world-class Research Center “Efficient development of the global liquid hydrocarbon reserves”.ReferencesБогданович Н.Н., Казак А.В., Якимчук И.В. и др. (2014). Низкопроницаемые продуктивные доломиты Преображенского горизонта Верхнечонского месторождения. Нефть. Газ. Новации, 183(4), с. 41–91.Amaefule J.O., Altunbay M., Tiab D., Kersey D.G., and Keelan D.K. (1993). Enhanced reservoir description: using core and log data to identify hydraulic (flow) units and predict permeability in uncored intervals. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, pp. 205–220. https://doi.org/10.2118/26436-MSAmaefule J.O., Altunbay M., Tiab D., Kersey D.G., and Keelan D.K. (1993). Enhanced reservoir description: using core and log data to identify hydraulic (flow) units and predict permeability in uncored intervals. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, pp. 205–220. https://doi.org/10.2118/26436-MSArchie G.E. (1942). The Electrical Resistivity Log as an Aid in Determining Some Reservoir Characteristics. Petroleum Transactions of the AIME, 146, pp. 54–62. https://doi.org/10.2118/942054-GArchie G.E. (1942). The Electrical Resistivity Log as an Aid in Determining Some Reservoir Characteristics. Petroleum Transactions of the AIME, 146, pp. 54–62. https://doi.org/10.2118/942054-GBogdanovich N.N., Kazak A.V., Yakimchuk I.V. et al. (2014). Lowpermeable productive dolomites of Preobrazhenskiy horizon of Verkhne chonskoye field. Neft, Gaz, Novatsii, 183(4), pp. 41–91. (In Russ.)Coates G.R., Xiao,L., Prammer M.G. (1999). NMR Logging. Ebooks, 253 p.Coates G.R., Xiao,L., Prammer M.G. (1999). NMR Logging. Ebooks, 253 p.Eltom H.A. (2020). Limitation of laboratory measurements in evaluating rock properties of bioturbated strata: A case study of the Upper Jubaila Member in central Saudi Arabia. Sedimentary Geology, 398, 105573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.105573Eltom H.A. (2020). Limitation of laboratory measurements in evaluating rock properties of bioturbated strata: A case study of the Upper Jubaila Member in central Saudi Arabia. Sedimentary Geology, 398, 105573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.105573Fheed A., Krzyżak A., Świerczewska A. (2018). Exploring a carbonate reef reservoir – nuclear magnetic resonance and computed microtomography confronted with narrow channel and fracture porosity. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 151, pp. 343–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.03.004Fheed A., Krzyżak A., Świerczewska A. (2018). Exploring a carbonate reef reservoir – nuclear magnetic resonance and computed microtomography confronted with narrow channel and fracture porosity. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 151, pp. 343–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.03.004Fitzsimons D., Oeltzschner G., Ovens C., Radies D., Schulze F. (2016). Integration and Data Analysis of Conventional Core Data with NMR and CT Data to Characterize An Evaporitic Carbonate Reservoir. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Abu Dhabi, UAE, p. D031S068R002. https://doi.org/10.2118/183145-MSFitzsimons D., Oeltzschner G., Ovens C., Radies D., Schulze F. (2016). Integration and Data Analysis of Conventional Core Data with NMR and CT Data to Characterize An Evaporitic Carbonate Reservoir. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Abu Dhabi, UAE, p. D031S068R002. https://doi.org/10.2118/183145-MSGholami V., Mohaghegh S.D. (2009). Intelligent upscaling of static and dynamic reservoir properties. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, pp. 2238–2252. https://doi.org/10.2118/124477-MSGholami V., Mohaghegh S.D. (2009). Intelligent upscaling of static and dynamic reservoir properties. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, pp. 2238–2252. https://doi.org/10.2118/124477-MSHaikel S., Rosid M.S., Haidar M.W. (2018). Study comparative rock typing methods to classify rock type carbonate reservoir Field “s” East Java. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Institute of Physics Publishing. 10.1088/1742-6596/1120/1/012047Haikel S., Rosid M.S., Haidar M.W. (2018). Study comparative rock typing methods to classify rock type carbonate reservoir Field “s” East Java. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Institute of Physics Publishing. 10.1088/1742-6596/1120/1/012047Kolodzie S. (1980). Analysis of pore throat size and use of the waxmansmits equation to determine OOIP in spindle field, Colorado. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. https://doi.org/10.2118/9382-MSKolodzie S. (1980). Analysis of pore throat size and use of the waxmansmits equation to determine OOIP in spindle field, Colorado. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. https://doi.org/10.2118/9382-MSLiu X. et al. (2017). Pore-scale characterization of tight sandstone in Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin China using micro-CT and SEM imaging from nm- to cm-scale. Fuel, 209, pp. 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.068Liu X. et al. (2017). Pore-scale characterization of tight sandstone in Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin China using micro-CT and SEM imaging from nm- to cm-scale. Fuel, 209, pp. 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.068McPhee C., Reed J., Zubizarreta I. (2015). Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide. Developments in Petroleum Science, 64, pp. 2–829.McPhee C., Reed J., Zubizarreta I. (2015). Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide. Developments in Petroleum Science, 64, pp. 2–829.Mirzaei-Paiaman A., Ostadhassan M., Chen Z. (2018). A new approach in petrophysical rock typing. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 166, pp. 445–464. https://doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2018.03.075Mirzaei-Paiaman A., Ostadhassan M., Chen Z. (2018). A new approach in petrophysical rock typing. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 166, pp. 445–464. https://doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2018.03.075Mustafa A., A.Mahmoud M., Abdulraheem A. (2019). A Review of Pore Structure Characterization of Unconventional Tight Reservoirs. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Abu Dhabi, UAE, p. D031S098R001. https://doi.org/10.2118/197825-MSMustafa A., A.Mahmoud M., Abdulraheem A. (2019). A Review of Pore Structure Characterization of Unconventional Tight Reservoirs. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Abu Dhabi, UAE, p. D031S098R001. https://doi.org/10.2118/197825-MSPires L.O., Fiorelli G.L., Winter A., Trevisan O.V. (2017). Petrophysical Characterization of Carbonates Heterogeneity. OTC Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, p. D021S015R001. https://doi.org/10.4043/28098-MSPires L.O., Fiorelli G.L., Winter A., Trevisan O.V. (2017). Petrophysical Characterization of Carbonates Heterogeneity. OTC Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, p. D021S015R001. https://doi.org/10.4043/28098-MSPires L.O., Winter A., Trevisan O.V. (2019). Dolomite cores evaluated by NMR. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 176, pp. 1187–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.026Pires L.O., Winter A., Trevisan O.V. (2019). Dolomite cores evaluated by NMR. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 176, pp. 1187–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.026Pittman E.D. (1992). Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 76, pp. 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF87A4-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865DPittman E.D. (1992). Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 76, pp. 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF87A4-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865DSalimidelshad Y. et al. (2019). Experimental investigation of changes in petrophysical properties and structural deformation of carbonate reservoirs. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 46, pp. 565–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(19)60036-4Salimidelshad Y. et al. (2019). Experimental investigation of changes in petrophysical properties and structural deformation of carbonate reservoirs. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 46, pp. 565–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(19)60036-4Saxena N., et al. (2019). Rock properties from micro-CT images: Digital rock transforms for resolution, pore volume, and field of view. Advances in Water Resources, 134, p. 103419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103419Saxena N., et al. (2019). Rock properties from micro-CT images: Digital rock transforms for resolution, pore volume, and field of view. Advances in Water Resources, 134, p. 103419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103419Skalinski M., et al. (2010). Updated Rock Type Definition and Pore Type Classification of a Carbonate Buildup, Tengiz Field, Republic of Kazakhstan (Russian). SPE Caspian Carbonates Technology Conference. SPE Caspian Carbonates Technology Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers. Atyrau, Kazakhstan. https://doi.org/10.2118/139986-RUSkalinski M., et al. (2010). Updated Rock Type Definition and Pore Type Classification of a Carbonate Buildup, Tengiz Field, Republic of Kazakhstan (Russian). SPE Caspian Carbonates Technology Conference. SPE Caspian Carbonates Technology Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers. Atyrau, Kazakhstan. https://doi.org/10.2118/139986-RUSkalinski M., Kenter J.A.M. (2015). Carbonate petrophysical rock typing: integrating geological attributes and petrophysical properties while linking with dynamic behaviour. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 406, pp. 229–259. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP406.6Skalinski M., Kenter J.A.M. (2015). Carbonate petrophysical rock typing: integrating geological attributes and petrophysical properties while linking with dynamic behaviour. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 406, pp. 229–259. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP406.6Tiab D., Donaldson E.C. (2016). Petrophysics (Fourth Edition). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2014-0-03707-0Tiab D., Donaldson E.C. (2016). Petrophysics (Fourth Edition). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2014-0-03707-0Wang M., et al. (2020). Determination of NMR T2 Cutoff and CT Scanning for Pore Structure Evaluation in Mixed Siliciclastic–Carbonate Rocks before and after Acidification. Energies, 13, p. 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061338Wang M., et al. (2020). Determination of NMR T2 Cutoff and CT Scanning for Pore Structure Evaluation in Mixed Siliciclastic–Carbonate Rocks before and after Acidification. Energies, 13, p. 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061338Xiao D., et al. (2016). Combining nuclear magnetic resonance and ratecontrolled porosimetry to probe the pore-throat structure of tight sandstones. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 43, pp. 1049–1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30122-7Xiao D., et al. (2016). Combining nuclear magnetic resonance and ratecontrolled porosimetry to probe the pore-throat structure of tight sandstones. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 43, pp. 1049–1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30122-7Yarmohammadi S., Kadkhodaie A., Hosseinzadeh S. (2020). An integrated approach for heterogeneity analysis of carbonate reservoirs by using image log based porosity distributions, NMR T2 curves, velocity deviation log and petrographic studies: A case study from the South Pars gas field, Persian Gulf Basin. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107283Yarmohammadi S., Kadkhodaie A., Hosseinzadeh S. (2020). An integrated approach for heterogeneity analysis of carbonate reservoirs by using image log based porosity distributions, NMR T2 curves, velocity deviation log and petrographic studies: A case study from the South Pars gas field, Persian Gulf Basin. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107283

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.