georesГеоресурсыGeoresources1608-50431608-5078Georesursy LLC10.18599/grs.2024.2.8geores-270Research ArticleСТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESО методике температурных исследований в буровых скважинах прецизионными термометрамиOn the Method of temperature Measurements in Borehole Using Precision thermometersДемежкоД. Ю.DemezhkoD. Yu.

Дмитрий Юрьевич Демежко – доктор геол.-минерал. наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории геодинамики

620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, д. 100

Dmitry Yu. Demezhko – Dr. Sci. (Geology and Mineralogy), Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Geodynamics

100 Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016

ХацкевичБ. Д.KhatskevichB. D.

Богдан Дмитриевич Хацкевич – научный сотрудник лаборатории геодинамики

620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, д. 100

Bogdan D. Khatskevich – Researcher, Laboratory of Geodynamics

100 Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016

ФакаеваН. Р.FakaevaN. R.

Нелли Рафаэлевна Факаева – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геодинамики

620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, д. 100

Nelly R. Fakaeva – Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Geodynamics

100 Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016

ГорностаеваА. А.GornostaevaA. A.

Анастасия Александровна Горностаева – кандидат физ.-мат. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории геодинамики

620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, д. 100

Anastasiya A. Gornostaeva – Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Geodynamics

100 Amundsen str., Yekaterinburg, 620016

Институт геофизики УРО РАНРоссияBulashevich Institute of Geophysics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20240707202426292–98Copyright © Демежко Д.Ю., Хацкевич Б.Д., Факаева Н.Р., Горностаева А.А., 20242024Демежко Д.Ю., Хацкевич Б.Д., Факаева Н.Р., Горностаева А.А.Demezhko D.Y., Khatskevich B.D., Fakaeva N.R., Gornostaeva A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/270

Прецизионные автономные скважинные термометры (логгеры) позволяют исследовать температурные аномалии сверхмалой амплитуды (до 1 мK), что значительно расширяет круг задач, которые может решать скважинная термометрия в разведочной геофизике, гидрогеологии, инженерной геологии, геоэкологии и др. При этом методики термокаротажа не развиваются, что не позволяет эффективно реализовать возможности этих приборов. В статье рассмотрены методические вопросы прецизионных температурных измерений в водонаполненных скважинах. Экспериментальные исследования с использованием автономного термометра rBrsolo³ T (RBR Ltd., Канада) показали, что аппаратурный отклик на изменение температуры окружающей среды (релаксация) носит сложный характер. уже через несколько секунд после погружения прибора в скважину он регистрирует температуру, близкую к температуре флюида. однако это временное «окно» достаточно быстро закрывается, и через 15–20 с измеренная температура начинает все больше отличаться от невозмущенной. следующее возвращение измеренной температуры к невозмущенной наступает через 1000–6000 с. Температурная аномалия в интервале 20–600 с осложнена непериодическими колебаниями амплитудой 0,02–0,05 К, связанными с тепловой конвекцией. Наличие временного «окна» на кривой релаксации термометра позволяет быстро и точно измерять температуру флюида в дискретном режиме. с помощью математического моделирования оценены конструктивные параметры термометров, определяющие ширину «окна». Даны рекомендации по проведению прецизионного термокаротажа скважин в непрерывном и дискретном вариантах.

Precise autonomous borehole thermometers (loggers) allow measuring temperature anomalies of small amplitude (up to 1 mK). It significantly expands the range of problems that borehole thermometry can solve in exploration geophysics, hydrogeology, engineering geology, and geoecology. However, thermal logging techniques remain outdated that hinders the effective implementation of the capabilities of these devices. The paper discusses methodological issues of precision temperature measurements in water-filled boreholes. Experimental studies with an autonomous thermometer rBrsolo³ T (RBR Ltd., Canada) showed that the device’s response to changes in ambient temperature (relaxation) is complex. Within a few seconds after the immersing of device in a borehole, it registers a temperature close to the fluid temperature. However, this temporary “window” closes soon, and after 15–20 seconds the measured temperature begins to deviate more and more from the undisturbed temperature. Next time measured temperature returns to the undisturbed temperature after 1000–6000 sec. In addition, the temperature response in the interval of 20–600 sec is complicated by non-periodic fluctuations with an amplitude of 0.02–0.05 K associated with thermal convection. The presence of a time “window” on the relaxation curve makes it possible to measure fluid temperature quickly and accurately in stop-and-go mode. The design parameters of thermometers determining the width of the “window” were assessed using mathematical modeling. Recommendations for conducting precision temperature logging of boreholes in both continuous and stop-and-go modes have been provided.

геотермиятермокаротажтермометр rBrsolo³ Tпрецизионные измерения температурысвободная тепловая конвекцияgeothermyborehole temperature loggingrBrsolo³ T loggerprecise temperature measurementsfree thermal convectionработа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института геофизики уро рАН (госбюджетная тема НИоКТр 122062200031-9), финансируемого Министерством науки и высшего образования РФ.The work was performed within the state task of the Bulashevich Institute of Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (state budget topic 122062200031-9), funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.ReferencesДахнов В.Н. (1982). Интерпретация результатов геофизических исследований разрезов скважин. М.: Недра, 448 с.Anderson M.P. (2005). Heat as a ground water tracer. Groundwater, 43(6), pp. 951–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00052.xДемежко Д.Ю. (2001). Геотермический метод реконструкции палеоклимата (на примере урала). екатеринбург: ИГФ уро рАН, 143 с.Bodri L., Cermak V. (2007). Borehole climatology: A new method how to reconstruct climate. Elsevier. 352 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08045320-0.X5000-5Демежко Д.Ю., Миндубаев М.Г., Хацкевич Б.Д. (2017). Температурные эффекты свободной тепловой конвекции в буровых скважинах. Геология и геофизика, 58(10), с. 1602–1610. https://doi.org/10.15372/GiG20171012Carslaw H., Jaeger J.C. (1958). Conduction of heat in soils. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 510 p.Демежко Д.Ю., Хацкевич Б.Д, Миндубаев М.Г. (2021). Квазистационарный эффект свободной тепловой конвекции в водонаполненных буровых скважинах. Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов, 332(7), с. 131–139. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2021/7/3271Clow G.D. (2014). Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973–2013. Earth System Science Data, 6(1), pp. 201–218. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014Демежко Д.Ю., Хацкевич Б.Д., Миндубаев М.Г. (2020). Методы подавления свободной тепловой конвекции в водонаполненных скважинах при проведении температурных исследований. Георесурсы, 22(1), c. 55–62. https://doi.org/10.18599/grs.2020.1.55-62Costain J.K. (1970). Probe response and continuous temperature measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 75(20), pp. 3969–3975. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB075i020p03967Демежко Д.Ю., Юрков А.К., уткин В.И., Щапов В.А. (2012). Температурные изменения в скважине kun-1 (о. Кунашир), вызванные землетрясением Тохоку (11.03.2011 г., M = 9.0). Доклады Академии наук, 445(2), с. 200–204.Dakhnov V.N. (1982). Interpretation of the results of geophysical studies of well sections. Moscow: Nedra, 448 p. (In Russ.)Исаев В.И. (2004). Палеотемпературное моделирование осадочного разреза и нефтегазообразование. Тихоокеанская геология, 23(5), с. 101–115. Поляк Б.Г., Хуторской М.Д. (2018). Тепловой поток из недр – индикатор глубинных процессов. Георесурсы, 20(4), Ч. 2, c. 366–376. https://doi.org/10.18599/grs.2018.4.366-376de La Bernardie J., Bour O., Le Borgne T., Guihéneuf N., Chatton E., Labasque T., Le Lay H., Gerard M.F. (2018). Thermal attenuation and lag time in fractured rock: Theory and field measurements from joint heat and solute tracer tests. Water Resources Research, 54(12), pp. 10053–10075. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023199Anderson M.P. (2005). Heat as a ground water tracer. Groundwater, 43(6), pp. 951–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00052.xDemezhko D.Yu. (2001). Geothermal Method for Paleoclimatic Reconstructions (by the Example of the Urals). Yekaterinburg: UrO RAN Publ., 144 p. (In Russ.)Bodri L., Cermak V. (2007). Borehole climatology: A new method how to reconstruct climate. Elsevier. 352 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08045320-0.X5000-5Demezhko D.Yu., A.K. Yurkov, V.I. Outkin, V.A. Shchapov. (2012). Temperature changes in the KUN-1 borehole, Kunashir Island, induced by the Tohoku Earthquake (March 11, 2011, M = 9.0). Doklady Earth Sciences, 445(1), pp 883–887. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X12070124Carslaw H., Jaeger J.C. (1958). Conduction of heat in soils. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 510 p.Demezhko D.Yu., Mindubaev M.G., Khatskevich B.D. (2017). Thermal effects of natural convection in boreholes. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 58(10), pp. 1270–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2016.10.016Clow G.D. (2014). Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973–2013. Earth System Science Data, 6(1), pp. 201–218. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014Demezhko D.Yu., Khatskevich B.D., Mindubaev M.G. (2020). Methods of suppressing free thermal convection in water-filled wells during temperature research. Georesursy = Georesources, 22(1), pp. 55–62. https://doi.org/10.18599/grs.2020.1.55-62Costain J.K. (1970). Probe response and continuous temperature measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 75(20), pp. 3969–3975. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB075i020p03967Demezhko D.Yu., Khatskevich B.D., Mindubaev M.G. (2021). Quasystationary effect of free thermal convection in water-filled boreholes. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 332(7), pp. 131–139. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2021/7/3271de La Bernardie J., Bour O., Le Borgne T., Guihéneuf N., Chatton E., Labasque T., Le Lay H., Gerard M.F. (2018). Thermal attenuation and lag time in fractured rock: Theory and field measurements from joint heat and solute tracer tests. Water Resources Research, 54(12), pp. 10053–10075. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023199Diment W.H. (1967). Thermal regime of a large diameter borehole: Instability of the water column and comparison of airand water-filled conditions. Geophysics, 32(4), pp. 720–726. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439885Diment W.H. (1967). Thermal regime of a large diameter borehole: Instability of the water column and comparison of airand water-filled conditions. Geophysics, 32(4), pp. 720–726. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439885Fulton P.M., Brodsky E.E., Kano Y., Mori J., Chester F., Ishikawa T., Harris R.N., Lin W., Eguchi N., Toczko S., and Expedition 343, 343T, and KR13-08 Scientists. (2013). Low coseismic friction on the Tohoku-Oki fault determined from temperature measurements. Science, 342(6163), pp. 1214–1217. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243641Fulton P.M., Brodsky E.E., Kano Y., Mori J., Chester F., Ishikawa T., Harris R.N., Lin W., Eguchi N., Toczko S., and Expedition 343, 343T, and KR13-08 Scientists. (2013). Low coseismic friction on the Tohoku-Oki fault determined from temperature measurements. Science, 342(6163), pp. 1214–1217. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243641Gretener P.E. (1967). On the thermal instability of large diameter wells – an observational report. Geophysics, 32(4), pp. 583–787. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439886Gretener P.E. (1967). On the thermal instability of large diameter wells – an observational report. Geophysics, 32(4), pp. 583–787. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439886Isaev V.I. (2004). Paleotemperature modeling of sedimentary section and oil and gas formation. Russian Journal of Pacific Geology, 23(5), pp. 101–115. (In Russ.)Kurylyk B.L., Irvine D.J., Bense V.F. (2019). Theory, tools, and multidisciplinary applications for tracing groundwater fluxes from temperature profiles. WIREs Water, 6(1), e1329. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1329Kurylyk B.L., Irvine D.J., Bense V.F. (2019). Theory, tools, and multidisciplinary applications for tracing groundwater fluxes from temperature profiles. WIREs Water, 6(1), e1329. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1329Kutasov I.M. (1999). Applied geothermics for petroleum engineers. Elsevier, 346 p.Kutasov I.M. (1999). Applied geothermics for petroleum engineers. Elsevier, 346 p.Li H., Xue L., Brodsky E.E., Mori J.J., Fulton P.M., Wang H., Kano Y., Yun K., Harris R.N., Gong Z., Li C. (2015). Long-term temperature records following the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan (China) earthquake are consistent with low friction. Geology, 43(2), pp. 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35515.1Li H., Xue L., Brodsky E.E., Mori J.J., Fulton P.M., Wang H., Kano Y., Yun K., Harris R.N., Gong Z., Li C. (2015). Long-term temperature records following the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan (China) earthquake are consistent with low friction. Geology, 43(2), pp. 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35515.1Marcos-Robredo G., Rey-Ronco M.Á., Castro-García M.P., AlonsoSánchez T. (2022). A Device to Register Temperature in Boreholes in Northwest Spain for Geothermal Research. Sensors, 22(13), 4945. https:// doi.org/10.3390/s22134945Marcos-Robredo G., Rey-Ronco M.Á., Castro-García M.P., AlonsoSánchez T. (2022). A Device to Register Temperature in Boreholes in Northwest Spain for Geothermal Research. Sensors, 22(13), 4945. https:// doi.org/10.3390/s22134945Nielsen S.B., Balling N. (1984). Accuracy and resolution in continuous temperature logging. Tectonophysics, 103(1–4), pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90069-6Nielsen S.B., Balling N. (1984). Accuracy and resolution in continuous temperature logging. Tectonophysics, 103(1–4), pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90069-6Pehme P., Parker B.L., Cherry J.A., Blohm D. (2014). Detailed measurement of the magnitude and orientation of thermal gradients in lined boreholes for characterizing groundwater flow in fractured rock. Journal of Hydrology, 513, pp. 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.015Pehme P., Parker B.L., Cherry J.A., Blohm D. (2014). Detailed measurement of the magnitude and orientation of thermal gradients in lined boreholes for characterizing groundwater flow in fractured rock. Journal of Hydrology, 513, pp. 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.015Prensky S. (1992). Temperature measurements in boreholes – An overview of engineering and scientific applications. The Log Analyst, 33(3), pp. 313–333.Polyak, B.G., Khutorskoy, M.D. (2018). Heat flow from the Earth interior as indicator of deep processes. Georesursy = Georesources, 20(4), pp. 366–376. https://doi.org/10.18599/grs.2018.4.366-376Reiter M., Mansure A.J., Peterson B.K. (1980). Precision continuous temperature logging and comparison with other types of logs. Geophysics, 45(12), pp. 1857–1868. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441070Prensky S. (1992). Temperature measurements in boreholes – An overview of engineering and scientific applications. The Log Analyst, 33(3), pp. 313–333.Saltus R.W., Clow G.D. (1994). Deconvolution of continuous borehole temperature logs: Example from the Greenland GISP2 icecore hole. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 94–254, 42 p. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0254/report.pdfReiter M., Mansure A.J., Peterson B.K. (1980). Precision continuous temperature logging and comparison with other types of logs. Geophysics, 45(12), pp. 1857–1868. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441070Sammel E.A. (1968). Convective flow and its effect on temperature logging in small-diameter wells. Geophysics, 33(6), pp. 1004–1012. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439977Saltus R.W., Clow G.D. (1994). Deconvolution of continuous borehole temperature logs: Example from the Greenland GISP2 icecore hole. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 94–254, 42 p. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0254/report.pdfSemin M., Levin L. (2022). Study of the Influence of Thermal Convection on Temperature Measurement in Thermal Control Boreholes during Artificial Ground Freezing. Fluids, 7(9), 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7090298Sammel E.A. (1968). Convective flow and its effect on temperature logging in small-diameter wells. Geophysics, 33(6), pp. 1004–1012. https:// doi.org/10.1190/1.1439977Shimamura H., Ino M., Hikawa H., Iwasaki T. (1984). Groundwater microtemperature in earthquake regions. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 122(6), pp. 933–946. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876394Semin M., Levin L. (2022). Study of the Influence of Thermal Convection on Temperature Measurement in Thermal Control Boreholes during Artificial Ground Freezing. Fluids, 7(9), 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7090298Shimamura H., Ino M., Hikawa H., Iwasaki T. (1984). Groundwater microtemperature in earthquake regions. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 122(6), pp. 933–946. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876394Shimamura H., Ino M., Hikawa H., Iwasaki T. (1984). Groundwater microtemperature in earthquake regions. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 122(6), pp. 933–946. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876394

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.