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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geores</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Георесурсы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Georesources</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-5043</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1608-5078</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Georesursy LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18599/grs.2024.2.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geores-274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опоки: полиморфный состав, генезис и проблемы их изучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Opoka: Polymorphic composition, genesis, Problems of study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Витальевич Смирнов – кандидат геол.-минерал. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>625026, Тюмень, ул. Малыгина, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Smirnov – Cand. Sci. (Geology and Mineralogy), Leading Researcher</p><p>86, Malygina st., Tyumen, 625026</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский научный центр СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>135–154</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов П.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/274">https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/274</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе дан комплексный обзор, посвященный актуальным вопросам изучения опок – морских осадочных кремневых пород мелового-палеогенового возраста. За почти двухсотлетнюю историю изучения этих осадочных образований сам термин «опока» не получил должного признания из-за отсутствия подробного минералогического определения и общего несовершенства систематики кремневых горных пород. отличительной чертой опок является наличие леписфер опала-CT, которые образуют узнаваемый каркас кремниевой породы или формируют неясно леписферную/скрытокристаллическую массу. описана история изучения опок, перечислены номенклатуры, использующиеся для их классификации, охарактеризованы минералогический состав, микроструктура и микротекстура, распространение мел-палеогеновых опок и др. Критически рассмотрены этимология генезиса опоки и модели ее происхождения на ранней и поздней стадиях диагенеза. В обзоре особое внимание уделено недавним исследованиям, в результате которых установлены типы полиморфных форм кремнезема, встречающихся в опоке, а также его характерная микроструктура. Представлена модель генезиса опок с учетом взаимосвязи с глобальными процессами, включая биогеохимический круговорот кремния. различия, фиксируемые в опоках разного возраста и геолого-тектонической позиции, указывают как на заданность многих параметров минерального состава изначально, так и на несоразмерность вклада отдельных факторов в эволюцию опоковых пород, а именно источника кремнекислоты, роли кремнистого биоса в мобилизации кремнекислоты для дальнейшего породообразования, характера и объема терригенного сноса с прилегающей суши, масштаба вторичных изменений и др.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper is a comprehensive review devoted to topical issues in the study of opoka – marine sedimentary siliceous rocks of the Cretaceous-Paleogene age. For almost two hundred years of studying these sedimentary formations, the term “opoka” itself has not received proper recognition globally due to the lack of a detailed mineralogical definition and the general imperfection of the systematics of siliceous rocks. A distinctive feature of the opoka is the presence of opal-CT lepispheres, which form a recognizable framework of siliceous rock or form an obscure lepispheric/ cryptocrystalline mass. The article discusses various aspects of opoka – history of study, nomenclature, mineralogical composition, microtexture, the distribution of Cretaceous- Paleogene opoka, etc. The etymology of the genesis of the opoka and models of its origin at the early and late stages of diagenesis are critically discussed. In this review, attention is focused on recent studies, that provide detailed information about silica polymorphic forms distributed in the opoka, as well as its typical microtexture types. A model of the genesis of opoka and the relationship with global biogeochemical cycle of silica is presented. Differences recorded in opoka of different ages, geological and tectonic positions, indicate both the predetermination of many parameters of the mineral composition from the very genesis, and the disproportionate contribution of individual factors to the evolution of opoka rocks, namely the source of silicic acid, the role of siliceous bios in the mobilization of dissolved silica, the nature and volume of terrigenous influx from the adjacent landmass, secondary changes and mineral formation, etc.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опока</kwd><kwd>силициты</kwd><kwd>опал-сТ</kwd><kwd>опал</kwd><kwd>кристобалит</kwd><kwd>кремниевые породы</kwd><kwd>цикл кремнезема</kwd><kwd>Зауралье</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>opoka</kwd><kwd>silicites</kwd><kwd>opal-ST</kwd><kwd>opal</kwd><kwd>cristobalite</kwd><kwd>silicic rocks</kwd><kwd>silica cycle</kwd><kwd>Trans-Urals  Acknowledgements</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта российского научного фонда 22-77-00056.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation 22-77-00056.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амон Э.о. 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