georesГеоресурсыGeoresources1608-50431608-5078Georesursy LLC10.18599/grs.2023.3.26geores-55Research ArticleГЕОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯGEOECOLOGICAL STUDIESИзучение содержания и скорости деградации полициклических ароматических углеводородов биоуглей, применяемых для ремедиации почвEvaluation of the content and degradation rates of PAHs in biochars, in terms of assessing the environmental risks of their application for soil remediationОкуневР. В.OkunevR. V.

Родион Владимирович Окунев – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры почвоведения Института экологии и природопользования

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д.18

Rodion V. Okunev – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science

18 Kremlyovskaya st., Kazan, 420008

СмирноваЕ. В.SmirnovaE. V.

Елена Васильевна Смирнова – канд. биол. наук, заведующий кафедрой почвоведения Института экологии и природопользования

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д.18

Elena V. Smirnova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science

18 Kremlyovskaya st., Kazan, 420008

ГиниятуллинК. Г.GiniyatullinK. G.

Камиль Гашикович Гиниятуллин – канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры почвоведения Института экологии и природопользования

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д.18

Kamil G. Giniyatullin – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science

18 Kremlyovskaya st., Kazan, 420008

Казанский федеральный университетРоссияKazan Federal UniversityRussian Federation202306042024253227235Copyright © Окунев Р.В., Смирнова Е.В., Гиниятуллин К.Г., 20242024Окунев Р.В., Смирнова Е.В., Гиниятуллин К.Г.Okunev R.V., Smirnova E.V., Giniyatullin K.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/55

Растущая во всем мире практика внесения биоугля в качестве почвенных мелиорантов, а также сорбентов для восстановления почв загрязненных органическими и неорганическими поллютантами, включая нефтепродукты и тяжелые металлы, может приводить к загрязнению окружающей среды побочными продуктами пиролиза. Наиболее опасным является потенциальное загрязнение почвы полициклическими ароматическими углеводородами (ПАУ), которые неизбежно образуются при производстве пирогенного продукта. В работе использовали биоугли, полученные из различного растительного сырья при разных режимах пиролиза. Суммарное содержание ПАУ в исследуемых образцах варьировало в диапазоне от 8,49 до 221,21 мкг/кг, что не превышает предельных концентраций, установленных Международной инициативой по биоуглю. Кроме того, в составе биоуглей обнаружены многоядерные углеводороды с высокими канцерогенными и иммуннотоксичными свойствами. Исследовано влияние конечной температуры пиролиза на общее содержание и состав ПАУ в побочных продуктах пиролиза. Для изучения скорости деградации ПАУ, проводился лабораторный инкубационный эксперимент с загрязнением почвы экстрактами ПАУ, извлеченными из биоугля липы, и определением остаточного количества поллютантов в течение 11 месяцев. Полная деградация некоторых 3–5-членных ПАУ была обнаружена после 1–2 месяцев. Наиболее стойкими оказались бенз(а)пирен, бенз(б)флуорантен и пирен, концентрация которых через 11 месяцев снизилась до 31–71%. Наиболее медленная деградация была обнаружена в вариантах опыта с более сильным уровнем загрязнения ПАУ. Сделан вывод, что в почвах может происходить селективное накопление наиболее устойчивых к биодеградации многоядерных ПАУ.

The growing worldwide practice of biochar application as soil ameliorants, as well as adsorbents for remediation of soil contaminated with oil products and heavy metals, can lead to an increase the risk of environmental pollution by pyrolysis by-products. One of the most dangerous components of biochars is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are inevitably formed during the production of pyrogenic material. In this work, biochars obtained from various plant materials (millet, corn, willow, linden) under different pyrolysis temperatures were tested for the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The total content of PAHs in the studied samples ranged from 8.49 to 221.21 µg/ kg, which does not exceed the limit concentrations established by the International Biochar Initiative. At the same time, polynuclear hydrocarbons with high carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties are found in the composition of biochars. A natural question arises about the effect of the final pyrolysis temperature on the total content and composition of PAHs in pyrolysis by-products. To study the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil, linden biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 250 °C was used, from which the contaminants were extracted and applied to the soil so that the concentration of the marker was 20 and 40 µg/kg. The determination of the residual amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out after 1, 2, 6, and 11 months of incubation. Complete degradation of some 3–5-membered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was found after 1–2 months of incubation. The most persistent pollutants were benzo(a) pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and pyrene, the concentration of which decreased to 31–71% on after 11 months of incubation. The slower degradation was found in the variant of the experiment with the high concentration level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was concluded that in soils selective accumulation of polynuclear PAHs, that most resistant to biodegradation, can occur.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.