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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geores</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Георесурсы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Georesources</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-5043</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1608-5078</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Georesursy LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18599/grs.2025.4.23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geores-606</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные нефтедобывающие страны Северной и Южной Америки: факторы успехов и причины провалов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main Oil Producing Countries of North and South America: Factors of Successes and Failures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-1620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пусенкова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poussenkova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина Николаевна Пусенкова - кандидат экон. наук, старший научный сотрудник, Национальный исследо­вательский институт мировой экономики и междуна­родных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН; эксперт, Исследовательский Центр ЭНЕРПО европейского уни­верситета в Санкт-Петербурге</p><p>117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., д. 23,</p><p>191187, Санкт-Петербург, Гагаринская ул., д. 6/16 А</p><p>Researcher ID: N-4418-2016, </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55824758200,</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 416751 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina N. Poussenkova - Cand. Sci. (Economics), Senior Researcher, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Expert, ENERPO Center of the European University at St.Petersburg</p><p>117997, Moscow, Profsoyuznaya st., 23,</p><p>191187, St.Petersburg, Gagarinskaya st., 6/16 А</p><p>Researcher ID: N-4418-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55824758200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npoussenkova@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Соколов - кандидат геол.- минерал. наук, директор по геологоразведке, ООО «ПЕТРОГЕКО»; Главный редактор журнала «Георесурсы»</p><p>628606, Нижневартовск, ул. Самотлорная, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Sokolov - Cand. Sci. (Geology and Minerology), Director for Exploration, PETROGECO LLC, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal Georesursy</p><p>628606, Nizhnevartovsk, Samotlornaya st., д.20 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokolov@petrogeco.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН;&#13;
Исследовательский центр ЭНЕРПО Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
ENERPO Center of the European University at St.Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ПЕТРОГЕКО»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PETROGECO LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пусенкова Н.Н., Соколов А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пусенкова Н.Н., Соколов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poussenkova N.N., Sokolov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/606">https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/606</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуются основные факторы успехов и причины провалов нефтяных секторов в странах северной и Южной Америки – Аргентине, Бразилии, Венесуэле, Гайане, Канаде, Колумбии и Мексике. Дается краткая характеристика ресурсного потенциала и динамики нефтедобычи этих государств. рассматриваются такие параметры развития их нефтяной промышленности, как применение достижений научно-технического прогресса, структура сектора, наличие эффективных институтов, государственная энергетическая политика, в том числе налоговая система, осуществление энергетических реформ, направленных на стимулирование конкуренции, частичную приватизацию национальных нефтяных компаний, привлечение иностранных нефтяных корпораций, обеспечение стабильности регулирования, проведение разумной локализации. Делается вывод о том, что устойчивое развитие сектора и рост нефтедобычи в соответствии со стратегическими целями правительства зависят не только от ресурсного потенциала, но и от энергетической политики, продуманных и своевременных реформ, прочных институтов и благоприятного инвестиционного климата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article investigates key success factors and reasons for failures of the oil sectors in countries of North and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Canada, Colombia, and Mexico. It gives a brief overview of resource potential and dynamics of hydrocarbon production in these countries. The authors analyze such parameters of the oil sector development as technological progress, sector structure, efficient institutions, government energy policy, including fiscal system, energy reforms, i.e. promotion of competition, partial privatization of national oil companies, attraction of international oil corporations, ensuring a stable regulatory climate, and reasonable localization policy. Conclusion is made that a sustainable development of the oil sector and oil production growth that meets the strategic goals of the government depends not only on resource potential, but also on energy policy, sensible and timely reforms, viable institutions and favorable investment climate.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефтяная промышленность</kwd><kwd>нефтедобыча</kwd><kwd>неконвенциональные запасы</kwd><kwd>Аргентина</kwd><kwd>Бразилия</kwd><kwd>Венесуэла</kwd><kwd>Гайана</kwd><kwd>Канада</kwd><kwd>Колумбия</kwd><kwd>Мексика</kwd><kwd>национальные нефтяные компании</kwd><kwd>научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы</kwd><kwd>энергетические реформы</kwd><kwd>налоговая система</kwd><kwd>инвестиционный климат</kwd><kwd>локализация</kwd><kwd>частичная приватизация</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>средние и малые нефтяные компании</kwd><kwd>мейджоры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Oil industry</kwd><kwd>oil production</kwd><kwd>unconventional reserves</kwd><kwd>Argentina</kwd><kwd>Brazil</kwd><kwd>Venezuela</kwd><kwd>Guyana</kwd><kwd>Canada</kwd><kwd>Columbia</kwd><kwd>Mexico</kwd><kwd>national oil companies</kwd><kwd>R&amp;D (Research and Development)</kwd><kwd>energy reforms</kwd><kwd>fiscal system</kwd><kwd>investment climate</kwd><kwd>localization</kwd><kwd>partial privatization</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>mid-size and small oil companies</kwd><kwd>majors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов Н.А., Пусенкова Н.Н., Соколов А.В. 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