georesГеоресурсыGeoresources1608-50431608-5078Georesursy LLC10.18599/grs.2026.2.7geores-663Research ArticleСТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESСравнительный анализ нефтегазовых секторов Китая и США: ресурсы, добыча, технологии, институты, реформыComparison of the Oil and Gas Sectors in China and the US: Resources, Production, Technologies, Institutes, and Reformshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-1620ПусенковаН. Н.PoussenkovaN. N.

Нина Николаевна Пусенкова – кандидат экон. наук, старший научный сотрудник; эксперт

Researcher ID: N-4418-2016, РИНЦ ID: 416751

Scopus Author ID: 55824758200

117997, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., д.23;191187, Санкт-Петербург, Гагаринская ул., д. 6/16 А

Nina N. Poussenkova – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Senior Researcher; Expert

Researcher ID: N-4418-2016

Scopus Author ID: 55824758200

117997, Moscow, Profsoyuznaya st., 23; 191187, St.Petersburg, Gagarinskaya st., 6/16 А

npoussenkova@imemo.ruСоколовА. В.SokolovA. V.

Александр Владимирович Соколов – кандидат геол.-минерал. наук, директор по геологоразведке, Главный редактор журнала «Георесурсы»

628606, Нижневартовск, ул. Самотлорная, д.20

Alexander V. Sokolov – Cand. Sci. (Geology and Minerology), Director for Exploration; Editor-in-Chief of the Journal Georesursy

628606, Nizhnevartovsk, Samotlornaya st., 20

sokolov@petrogeco.ruНациональный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М.Примакова РАН; Программа ЭНЕРПО Европейского университета в Санкт-ПетербургеРоссияPrimakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences; ENERPO Center of the European University at St.PetersburgRussian FederationООО «ПЕТРОГЕКО»РоссияPETROGECO LLCRussian Federation202623062026282521Copyright © Пусенкова Н.Н., Соколов А.В., 20262026Пусенкова Н.Н., Соколов А.В.Poussenkova N.N., Sokolov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geors.ru/jour/article/view/663

В статье сравниваются ресурсный потенциал, геологические особенности, динамика добычи и технологическое развитие нефтегазовых секторов США и Китая, которые за 21 век добились существенного прогресса в этой сфере. Китайская нефтегазовая промышленность функционирует в более сложных геологических и географических условиях, что требует от компаний применения передовых технологий, адаптированных к местной специфике, а от правительства – проведения активной политики по поддержке и стимулированию сектора. Исследуется эволюция институциональной среды китайской нефтегазовой отрасли, которая прошла в результате серии реформ путь от плановой командно-административной к планово-рыночной модели при сохранении ключевой роли Коммунистической партии Китая и государственной собственности на стратегические активы. Реформы были направлены на повышение эффективности и конкурентоспособности нефтегазового сектора, а также на снижение импортозависимости страны от зарубежных энергоносителей и в принципе обеспечили достижение этих целей. Оцениваются перспективы освоения сланцевых углеводородов, на которых правительство Китая сейчас возлагает большие надежды как на драйвер роста газодобычи в стране.

The article compares resource potential, geological characteristics, production dynamics and technological progress in the oil and gas sectors of China and the US, the countries that achieved significant progress in oil and gas production in the 21st century. The Chinese oil and gas sector operates under more challenging geological and geographic conditions, and, therefore, Chinese oil companies have to apply state-of-the-art technologies adapted to the local specifics, while the government has to provide substantial support and incentives. The authors study evolution of the institutional framework of the Chinese petroleum industry that was transformed through a series of reforms from a planned command-and-control to a planned market model. Reforms were aimed at enhancing efficiency and competitiveness of the oil and gas sector as well as at reducing import dependency on overseas energy resources while retaining the key role of the Chinese Communist party and state ownership over strategic assets; in general, they achieved expected results. The article assesses prospects of shale gas production in China that the Chinese authorities perceive as an important driver of gas production growth in the country.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.